Sources

A Note on Sources:

I relied heavily on Male Witches in Early Modern Europe (Apps and Gow) and Witchcraft Persecutions in Bavaria: Popular Magic, Religious Zealotry, and Reason of State in Early Modern Germany (Behringer) while writing this blog.  The former not only included a nearly complete translation of Junius’ letter, which in itself supplied nearly all of the named characters, but the commentary and notes provided valuable information about the relationships between these people.  Behringer’s book provided essential contextual information about the chronology and character of the hunt.

I would like to acknowledge the debate as to whether Veronica ever received her father’s letter.  Malcolm Gaskill argued that the letter’s appearance among the other records of Junius’ trial indicates that judicial officials intercepted it (85).  Apps and Gow argue that this is not conclusive proof—had the authorities known about the letter they would not have allowed Junius a dignified decapitation prior to burning (80-1).  I chose the latter possibility because it created a more dramatic story.

I used the remaining sources for information about the climate in which this particular witch-hunt occurred, and for a basic outline of events.  These were useful in conceptualizing and creating Veronica’s character and the stresses she experienced, but are not in themselves clearly visible in the final form of the blog.

Works Cited:

Primary Source:

---“Johannes Junius: Bamberg’s Famous Male Witch.” In Lara Apps and Andrew Gow, Male Witches in Early Modern Europe, Manchester University Press, 2003. 159-166.

Secondary Sources:

---“Bamberg Witch Hunt,” in Witch Hunts in Europe and America: An Encyclopedia. William E. Burns, ed. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003.

---“Johannes Junius,” in in Witch Hunts in Europe and America: An Encyclopedia. William E. Burns, ed. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003.

Apps, Lara and Andrew Gow, Male Witches in Early Modern Europe. Manchester University Press, 2003.

Behringer, Wolfgang. Witchcraft Persecutions in Bavaria: Popular Magic, Religious Zealotry, and Reason of State in Early Modern Europe. Trans. J.C. Grayson and David Lederer (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997).

Gaskill, Malcolm. Witchcraft: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Hughes, Michael. Early Modern Germany 1477-1806. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992.

Midelfort, H.C. Erik. Witch Hunting in Southwestern Germany, 1562-1684. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press, 1972.

Roper, Lyndal. Witch Craze: Terror and Fantasy in Baroque Germany. Yale University Press, 2004.

Image:

“Figure 2” in Apps, Lara and Andrew Gow, Male Witches in Early Modern Europe. Manchester University Press, 2003. 74.